abstract：:The circuitry mediating the integration of reward perception and adaptive behavioral responses has been further refined. Recent developments indicate that the nucleus accumbens has a primary role in motivational circuitry, whereas afferents to the nucleus accumbens, in part, subserve distinct functions. Dopaminergic a...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Kalivas PW,Nakamura M

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the past year, evidence has accrued that adult CNS stem cells are a widespread progenitor cell type. These cells may normally replace neurons and/or glia in the adult brain and spinal cord. Advances have been made in understanding the signals that regulate stem cell proliferation and differentiation. A deeper und...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Temple S,Alvarez-Buylla A

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Accepting, rejecting or modifying the many different theories of the cerebellum's role in the control of movement requires an understanding of the signals encoded in the discharge of cerebellar neurons and how those signals are transformed by the cerebellar circuitry. Particularly challenging is understanding the sens...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Ebner TJ

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nearly all studies of natural variation within clock genes involve the period (per) locus, which was originally isolated in the fruit-fly. Intra- and interspecific work on per has focused mostly on a region of Thr-Gly or Ser-Gly repeats, which show rapid length and sequence evolution. The functional implications of nu...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Costa R,Kyriacou CP

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the past year, several key molecular components of the RNA trafficking pathway in myelinating cells have been identified: distinct cis-acting elements for RNA transport and localization have been characterized in myelin basic protein mRNA; hnRNP A2 has been identified as a trans-acting factor in oligodendrocytes th...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Carson JH,Kwon S,Barbarese E

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent advances in multi-electrode recording have brought us closer to understanding how visual information is encoded by populations of retinal ganglion cells. By monitoring the visual responses of many ganglion cells at once, it is now possible to examine how ganglion cells act together to encode a visual scene. ...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Nirenberg S,Latham PE

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High densities of acetylcholine receptors and sodium channels in the crests and troughs of the postsynaptic folds, respectively, ensure reliable neuromuscular signalling. Clustering of both ion channels is mediated by agrin. In the case of acetylcholine receptors, agrin activates the tyrosine kinase receptor muscle-sp...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Colledge M,Froehner SC

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cloning of the Huntington's disease gene uncovered huntingtin, which is remarkable for its lack of similarity with known proteins despite its large size, approximately 350 kDa. Subsequent experiments established that huntingtin has an as yet unknown function, crucial for embryonic development and neurogenesis. Recent ...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Gusella JF,MacDonald ME

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cognitive neuroimaging maps the brain locations of mental operations. This process is iterative, as no single study can fully characterize a mental operation or its brain location. This iterative discovery process, in combination with the location-reporting standard (i.e. spatial coordinates) of the cognitive neuroima...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Fox PT,Parsons LM,Lancaster JL

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Powerful advances in neuroimaging techniques have added to and refined classical descriptions of the neurobiology of language in adults. Recent studies have employed these methodologies to study the nature and extent of plasticity of language-relevant aspects of cerebral organization in adults, in early and late bilin...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Neville HJ,Bavelier D

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heterogeneity among progenitor cells in the vertebrate nervous system has been documented with increasing frequency over the past few years. It has become clear that differences in progenitor cells help to determine when and how they respond to environmental signals. More recent studies have begun to elucidate the mol...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Lillien L

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic approaches at the neuromuscular synapse are leading investigation into the mechanisms of synaptogenesis. The marriage of classical (forward) and reverse genetic techniques allows the isolation and analysis of novel proteins involved in synaptic maturation and the functional in vivo characterization of previous...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Broadie K

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Circadian clocks organize neural processes, such as motor activities, into near 24-hour oscillations and adaptively synchronize these rhythms to the solar cycle. Recently, the first mammalian clock genes have been found. Unpredicted diversity in signaling pathways and clock-controlled gating of signals that modulate t...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Gillette MU

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biochemical and physiological evidence has suggested that myosins, both conventional and unconventional, are critical for neurosensory activities. In the past few years, this premise has been supported by genetic evidence that has shown that unconventional myosins are essential for the proper functioning of neurons, r...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Hasson T,Mooseker MS

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic administration of opiates or cocaine has been shown to alter the activity or expression of diverse types of cellular proteins in specific target neurons within the central nervous system. Prominent examples include signaling proteins, such as receptors, G proteins, second-messenger synthetic enzymes, and prote...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Nestler EJ

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our understanding of the cellular and molecular bases of transduction of painful stimuli has burgeoned in the past year, mainly as a result of studies on isolated sensory neurones in culture. The ion channels underlying neuronal responses to noxious heat, to protons and to ATP have recently been characterized. The typ...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Cesare P,McNaughton P

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) mediates certain aspects of synaptic plasticity and neurotoxicity associated with NMDA-type glutamate receptors. Neuronal NO synthase contains a modular protein-protein interaction motif, termed the PDZ domain, that links the synthase to a synaptic protein complex containing postsynaptic d...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Brenman JE,Bredt DS

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) cation channels are critical for signal transduction in vertebrate visual and olfactory systems. Members of the CNG channel gene family have now been cloned from a number of species, from Caenorhabditis elegans to humans. An important advance has been the discovery that CNG channels are p...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Zufall F,Shepherd GM,Barnstable CJ

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Research on spatial problem-solving over the past two years has linked the hippocampus to path integration, that is, the use of movement-related cues to guide spatial behavior. Path integration may underlie the forms of place learning that are impaired by hippocampal damage. It remains a challenge to determine whether...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Whishaw IQ,McKenna JE,Maaswinkel H

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent autopsy and/or quantitative magnetic resonance imaging studies of autistic patients have identified agenesis of the superior olive, dysgenesis of the facial nucleus, reduced numbers of Purkinje neurons, hypoplasia of the brainstem and posterior cerebellum, and increased neuron-packing density of the medial, cor...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Courchesne E

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A major issue in development is to understand how local heterogeneities are interpreted to determine specific cell fates. The sense organs of Drosophila provide an accessible system for addressing this issue. Most sense organs comprise four types of cells, and their differentiation is the outcome of a complex developm...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Vervoort M,Dambly-Chaudière C,Ghysen A

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuroepithelial cells, the progenitors to the CNS neurons and glia, undergo both symmetric and asymmetric divisions. Symmetric divisions underlie the proliferation of neuroepithelial cells that predominates early in CNS development. Asymmetric divisions are thought to generate the cell types derived from neuroepitheli...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Huttner WB,Brand M

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For many years, it has been postulated that interactions between motor commands and somatic perception in the sensorimotor cortices exist, but they have been difficult to demonstrate. Recent studies have made demonstration of this interaction easier and suggest that cortical activity related to somatic sensation and p...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Nelson RJ

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because of new data, anatomical and functional models of the basal ganglia in normal and pathological conditions (e.g. Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases) have recently come under greater scrutiny. An update of these models is clearly timely, taking into consideration not only changes in neuronal discharge rates, b...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Wichmann T,DeLong MR

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The inability to reliably express foreign proteins in postmitotic neurons has hampered numerous studies in the field of neurobiology. Within the past several years, a number of viral vectors that overcome this problem under controlled conditions in vitro have been developed. In particular, recombinant adenoviruses hav...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Slack RS,Miller FD

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Identification of genetic mutations linked to familial neurodegenerative diseases have made it possible to generate useful transgenic animal models. Studies using these transgenic animals indicate that many familial neurodegenerative diseases, such as motor neuron disease, Alzheimer's disease, prion diseases and trinu...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Lee MK,Borchelt DR,Wong PC,Sisodia SS,Price DL

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclic-nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels play key roles in photoreceptor and olfactory signal-transduction pathways. Recent studies have focused on the molecular characterization of CNG channel subunits and on the identification of the structural domains that contribute to ligand selectivity and affinity, ion gating and...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Molday RS

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have provided new insights into the role of presynaptic ligand-gated ion channels in modifying synaptic transmission. Along with a growing list of different types of presynaptic ionotropic receptors and the cell types that express them, there have been advances in characterizing the molecular components...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： McGehee DS,Role LW

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plasma membrane Cl- channels perform a variety of functions, including control of excitability in neurons and muscle, cell volume regulation and transepithelial transport. Structurally, three classes of Cl- channels have been identified: ligand-gated, postsynaptic Cl- channels (e.g. GABA and glycine receptors); the cy...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Jentsch TJ

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The prominent view that the rodent hippocampus is dedicated to spatial memory has been challenged recently by observations that both limit the nature of hippocampal spatial representation and extend its scope beyond literal space. These findings reveal that the rodent hippocampus mediates memory representations on the...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Eichenbaum H

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB)-responsive transcription plays a central role in the formation of long-term memory in Drosophila, Aplysia and mice. Agents that disrupt the activity of CREB specifically block the formation of long-term memory, whereas agents that increase the amount or activity of th...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Yin JC,Tully T

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several advances have been made recently in characterizing neural progenitor cells. In vertebrates, multipotential stem cells have been demonstrated in the developing forebrain both in vitro and in vivo, and a class of stem cells has been identified in the adult CNS. Factors that regulate the proliferation and differe...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Temple S,Qian X

更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oscillation in motor pattern generators is driven either by pacemaker neurons with inherent bursting properties or through network interactions. In a few examples in invertebrates and lower vertebrates, the mechanisms by which reciprocal inhibition combines with inherent membrane properties to produce network oscillat...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Calabrese RL

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, as our understanding of the pattern-generating networks responsible for a variety of behaviors has increased, the interactions of multiple neural networks have been examined in a number of systems. These studies have shown that functionally related pattern generators can interact extensively, and that...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Dickinson PS

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhibitory molecules in CNS myelin affect axonal regeneration after injury. In the past year, myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), a well-characterized myelin protein, has been identified as an inhibitor of axonal regeneration. This finding, together with its established ability to promote outgrowth, defines MAG as a...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Filbin MT

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Unravelling the mechanisms of learning and memory can, and should, be tackled at many levels. Discovery of the huge family of odourant receptor genes provided olfaction with 'molecular' respectability similar to that afforded to the visual system. Consequently, molecular studies have dominated the olfactory literature...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Keverne EB

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Voltage-gated ion channels are composed of pore-forming subunits, as well as auxiliary subunits that modify the functions of these channels. In addition, the channels interact with other modulatory proteins in a more transient manner, although with significant effects on channel activity. Even though many second-messe...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Adelman JP

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ca2+ entry into neurons is one of the major effectors of stimulus-induced physiological change. Ca2+ can enter neurons through a number of different voltage-gated and ligand-gated channels. Depending on the route of entry, Ca2+ stimulates distinct intracellular signaling pathways, which activate different sets of gene...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Gallin WJ,Greenberg ME

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reverse genetic techniques, including gene 'knockouts' and transgenesis, allow defined mutations to be introduced into the mouse genome. The application of these techniques to neurobiology is beginning to provide a bridge between genes and cognition. Specifically, genetically altered mice make it possible to explore m...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Mayford M,Abel T,Kandel ER

更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This past year has seen significant advances in our understanding of the physiology of emotion. Attention continues to focus on the amygdala and its interconnections with prefrontal cortical regions. New evidence underscores the importance of lateralization for emotion. There are also new findings on the physiological...

journal_title：Current opinion in neurobiology

authors： Davidson RJ,Sutton SK

更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00